Three words ‘a’ ‘an’ and ‘the’ are called
articles.
Articles are of two types:
Indefinite Articles
Definite articles
Indefinite Articles – ‘A’ and ‘An’ are weakened form of one and are
called Indefinite Articles as they do not point out to any particular person or
thing.
Definite article – ‘The’ is called the definite article because it points out some definite
or particular person or thing.
Use of Indefinite articles ‘A’
and ‘An’:
Use of indefinite article ‘A’;
Before a word beginning with a consonant sound:
A boy, a pen
Before a word beginning with the sound ‘yu’
A
university, a union, a unicorn, a usage, a
European, a unicorn
war zone death’s heartbeat regardless of spring people cry each other into bomb shelters sun crashes on bloodied walls some screams live in the throat some never survive to live reading the newsI feel the fear between broadcasts no deadlines for destruction where leaders buy time with destruction bloodied peace offering the dead become the […]
Reports –A report is a form of writing that presents information in an organised manner for a specific audience and purpose. It concisely presents facts and findings of an event that one has heard, investigated, or observed. Reports are written in specific formats.
Types of Reports
There are two types of reports:
Newspaper
Magazine
In CBSE class 12 ‘Report writing’ comes as a long answer type question in Section B of the question paper and carries – 05 marks in the writing section.
Prescribed word limit –120 – 150 words.
CBSE Report writing- Marking scheme:
Format – 1M
Content – 2M
Expression – 2M
Report writing questions are of three types:
Descriptive
Analytical
Based on given hints or inputs
Tips for Report writing:
Should be brief and follow specifications and format
Should be well structured, logical and coherent
Should be presented in a consistent orderly manner
Ah, procrastination! Ever find yourself filing a tax return when you’re supposed to be fleshing out a character? Or maybe, clearing out the airing cupboard instead of starting the first round of edits? Yes, we’ve all been there. Suddenly, gardening is far more appealing than plodding along with a draft once you hit the middle of a project. Procrastination can be a slipper slope to us mere creatives.
Unfortunately, there is only one universal truth to writing and that is to sit down and get it done. And that’s all right in principle, but let’s slow things down, and take a look at why we procrastinate in the first place.
Ever wondered if there are certain individuals who are so driven and so focused, that they never let such forces come into play. Well, I’ve yet to find one person, let alone an artist, who hasn’t avoided…
Knock, knock, knock on my window pane, I wondered who could it be. I opened my eyes to see a bird, from a nearby tree. She knocked the pane as if to ask, ‘My dear, how do you do?’ She was pretty with a little turf and wings green and blue. I told her I was fine and, asked how was she; With rolling eyes and chirping sound, She told something to me. I understood that she meant good, And wished her a happy day. She flew away with her vibrant wings, But left me feeling gay. The little things that come across each moment of our lives, Are priceless gifts as memories that helps us to thrive.
December 20, 2021 by Suman NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Vistas English Should Wizard Hit Mommy? QUESTIONS FROM TEXTBOOK SOLVED READ AND FIND OUTQ1.Who is Jo? How does she respond to her father’s story-telling?Ans. Jo is the shortened form of Joanne. She is the four year old daughter of Jack and Clare. For the last two years, her […]
An invitation is a written or spoken request for inviting guests for attending some occasion or event like weddings, birthdays, inaugurations, annual functions, sports events etc.
Invitations are basically of two types: 1) Formal and 2) Informal
Formal invitations may further be divided into i) Printed cards and ii) Formal letter of invitation.
FORMAL INVITATION – two types
i)PRINTED CARDS – These written requests are generally designed and printed on invitation cards. and are for bulk invitations to relatives, neighbours, colleagues, guardians on social occasions. The name of invitee is not written on the card
ii)FORMAL LETTER OF INVITATION – e.g. To chief guest, judge for competition,
INFORMAL LETTER OF INVITATION – for inviting few people like friends and relatives for small informal gatherings on private occasions. (e.g. small birthday party or celebration). Informal invitations are written in the format of informal letter.
(Word limit – 50 words)
VALUE POINT FOR INVITATION :
Format – 1mark
Content – 1mark
Expression – 1 mark
Total – 3 marks
FORMAL INVITATION
TIPS FOR WRITING FORMAL INVITATION
Must be enclosed in a box
It is a single sentence presentation
In line commas are allowed
End line punctuations are skipped
Answer the five W’s
WHO – is the host?
WHAT – is the occasion?
WHOM – for whom is the occasion?
WHEN – is the date, time?
WHERE – is it being held?
Be brief and stick to the word limit (50 words)
Write the invitation in 3rd person
It has to be polite and courteous
Month to be written in words (1st January,20XX)
Write in simple present tense
No signatures are required
Name of VIP is included in VIP invitations
Name of invitee not written in invitation but on the envelope
Format of formal invitation
NAME OF THE HOST ISSUING THE INVITATION
Standard expression for invitation
(…. Cordially invite(s) , request the pleasure of your company, solicit your benign/gracious presence)
Purpose of occasion (reason for invitation)
Name of honouree (people for whom the event is organized like marriage/ birthday)
Day, Date and time of the event
Venue of the event (complete address)
In case of VIP, name of chief guest /VIP
R.S.V.P (Respondez S’il Vous Plait –i.e. respond if it pleases you)
Telephone or mobile number of the host
Address of the host
Special note if any. (e.g. Keep phone on silent mode / Please be seated by …)
EXAMPLES OF STANDARD EXPRESSIONS
cordially request the pleasure of your company
solicit the your gracious presence
request your benign presence
invite you to join
cordially invite you to
request the pleasure of your company
seek the pleasure of your company/ presence
cordially request the honour of your presence
FORMAT OF FORMAL INVITATION / PRINTED CARD
Each of the following is written in a separate line
1) Name of host /hosts 2) Formal phrase of invitation/ standard expression 3) Purpose / Reason of invitation (wedding, birthday, inauguration, annual function) 4) Name of honouree (birthday person, groom, bride) 5) Day / date /time of function or event 6) Venue with complete address 7) Complimentary close 8) RSVP (Respond if it pleases you) 9) Address of host 10) Contact number
FORMAL INVITATION
PRINTED CARD
Printed card invitations are written in simple present tense. (no punctuations)
(Date of issuing invitations are not written)
Q. You are a student of Delhi Public School, Asansol. Design an invitation for its 30th Foundation Day. The Chief Justice, Asansol High Court is invited as the Chief Guest.
Formal invitation
Q2. You are a member of organizing committee of Sacred Heart Convent, Chandigarh. The school is organizing its annual function and the Education Minister of the state is going to be the Chief Guest. Design an invitation card to be sent to the invitees.
Q3. Mr. and Mrs. Sharma are organizing the 1st birthday celebration of their daughter Ananya. Design an invitation card for them in not more than 50 words.
RESPONDING TO INVITATIONS
WRITING REPLIES – FORMAL AND INFORMAL
You have to write down reply to whatever is written in the question.
FORMAL REPLY
Formal replies are formal in tone and treatment. It must be brief, to the point, pleasant, polite and courteous.
TIPS FOR WRITING FORMAL REPLY
Write in brief
Acknowledge the invitation express gratefulness
Write thanks in third person
Mention acceptance or regret (specify reason for not attending)
Use polite and formal language
Give ‘Best wishes’ in case of decline
Stick to word limit 50 words if word limit is not given
Q 1. Mr Devkumar Singh had received an invitation from Mr. Vivek Sharma for his daughter’s birthday celebration. Write a reply of his behalf.
Answer:- Accepting
Mr. Devkumar Singh thanks Mr. Vivek Sharma for the kind invitation for his daughter’s birthday celebration. He is delighted to accept the invitation and confirms his presence.
Answer: – Declining
Mr. Devkumar Singh thanks Mr. Vivek Sharma for the kind invitation for his daughter’s birthday celebration, but regrets his inability to accept the same due to a prior engagement. However, he extends blessings for the little girl.
INFORMAL REPLY
Informal replies should be informal in tone and may include personal feelings in intimate style.
TIPS FOR WRITING INFORMAL REPLY
Write in brief
Acknowledge the invitation express gratefulness
Write thanks in first person
Use second person to address the sender
Mention acceptance or regret (specify reason for not attending)
Use friendly and informal language
Give ‘Best wishes’ in case of decline
Stick to word limit 50 words if word limit is not given.
Example
Q. You are Vivek. Your friend Hardik has invited you to celebrate Christmas party at his home. Draft a reply declining/ accepting his invitation.
INFORMAL REPLIES –DECLINING
10. Park Avenue
Kolkata -4
20th December, 20XX
Dear Hardik
I am happy to receive your invitation for the Christmas Party on 25th December. 20XX at 7:00 pm at your home. I regret to inform you that I would not be to join the celebrations due to some prior engagements. Merry Christmas and best wishes for you and your family.
Yours affectionately
Vivek
INFORMAL REPLY- ACCEPTING
10. Park Avenue
Kolkata -4
20th December, 20XX
Dear Hardik
I am happy to receive your invitation for the Christmas Party on 25th December. 20XX at 7:00 pm. I am glad to inform you that I would be delighted to join the party at the specified time. Looking forward towards an enjoyable evening with old friends.
Yours affectionately
Vivek
Q1. You are Sujaya Hajra of A.G Church School, Raipur. You have been invited by the Principal of St. Vincent School, Raipur to act as one of the judges at a debate Contest to be held on 10th February, 20XX. But you are unable to accept this invitation due to a previous engagement. Write a formal reply to the Principal expressing your inability to accept the invitation.
Refusal
A.G. Church School
Raipur
5th February, 20XX
The Principal
St. Vincent School
Raipur
Sub : Reply to invitation
Madam
I really feel a great honour on being invited to act one of the judges at a debate contest to be held on 10th February, 20XX in your school. I regret to inform that I am unable to accept this invitation due to my previous engagement. I send my good wishes for the success of the Contest.
Yours truly
Sujaya Hajra
Q2 . You are Sujaya Hajra of A.G Church School, Raipur. You have been invited by the Principal of St. Vincent School, Raipur to act as one of the judges at a debate Contest to be held on 10th February, 20XX. Write an formal reply to the Principal accepting the invitation.
Acceptance
A.G. Church School
Raipur
5th February, 20XX
The Principal
St. Vincent School
Raipur
Sub : Reply to invitation
Madam
I really feel a great honour on being invited to act one of the judges at the debate contest to be held on 10th February, 20XX in your school. I confirm my presence at the programme and look forward to the event.
Q. St. Patrick’s School , Asansol organizing an Inter–School Debate Competition at the city level. Write a letter to Mr. Sukumar Sen HOD English, Burdwan University, inviting him to be the judge for this competition. You are Samar/ Samita, Secretary of Literary Club of your school.
St. Patrick’s School
Asansol
18th December, 20XX
Mr. Sukumar Sen
Head of English Department
Burdwan University
Subject: Invitation to judge the debate competition.
Sir
The Literary Club of our School is organizing ‘City Level Inter-School Debate Competition’ on 5th January, 20XX from 11 am in our school auditorium. The topic of the debate is “Technology does more harm than good”.
We extend a cordial invitation to you to be the judge for this competition and motivate the participants with your guidance.
We look forward to your kind consent. Please reply at your earliest convenience.
Yours sincerely
Samita
Secretary, Literary Club
REPLY TO INVITATION
Q.3. Write a reply on behalf of Mr. Sukumar Sen.
Ans. ACCEPTING
Department of English
Burdwan University
20th December, 20XX
Secretary
Literary Club
St. Patricks School, Asansol
Subject: Reply to invitation
Madam
I am glad to have received your invitation to judge the City Level Inter-House Debate Competition. It will be my pleasure to be a part of this prestigious event, where I’ll get an opportunity to interact with the young minds. I confirm my presence for the event. Looking forward to the eventful day.
Yours sincerely
Sukumar Sen
–
Ans. DECLINING
Department of English
Burdwan University
20th December, 20XX
Secretary
Literary Club
St. Patricks School, Asansol
Subject: Reply to invitation
Madam
I am glad to have received your invitation to judge the City Level Inter-House Debate Competition. I express my thanks for this invitation, but regret my inability to attend the event due to some prior engagement.
I convey my best wishes for the success of the programme.
Tone of informal invitation is friendly and informal, you may change tenses if required.
Q. Rohit has got success in NEET 20XX. He wants to celebrate his admission to Shivaji Medical College, Nagpur, by throwing a party for his friends. Write an informal invitation, giving details of date, time and venue. Do not exceed 50 words.
Answer.
House no. – 70
Krishnavihar Colony
Raigarh
20th January, 20XX
Dear Friend
You will be glad to learn that I have secured 124th Rank in NEET 20XX and have got admission in Shivaji Medical College, Nagpur. I want to share my happiness and celebrate this success with my old friends on 28th January. 20XX from 7:00 pm at Hotel Sunrise, Station Road, Raigarh.
Please join the celebration and be a part of my happiness.
Yours
Rohit
REPLY TO INFORMAL INVITATION
Q. You are Sambhav. Write an informal reply to Rohits’s invitation.
ACCEPTING
4/D Shivajinagar
Raigarh
22nd January. 20XX
Dear Rohit
I am delighted to know of your success in NEET and congratulate you for achieving such an excellent rank. It would be my pleasure to join you in your celebrations. Looking forward to seeing you, and our old friends soon.
Yours
Sambhav
DECLINING
4/D Shivajinagar
Raigarh
22nd January. 20XX
Dear Rohit
I am delighted to know of your success in NEET and congratulate you for achieving such an excellent rank. I regret to inform you that I would not be able to join you in your celebration due to some prior engagement. Wishing you all the best for your future.
Yours
Sambhav
QUESTION BANK
Q1. Your school is hosting CBSE inter-school Basketball Championship for the East Zone. Send an invitation to Mrs. Deepika Kumari , National Level Archer , to be the Chief Guest for its closing ceremony.
Q2. You are Arjun / Anshuma. St. Vincient School, Rupar . You have been invited to participate in an inter-school painting competition organized by the Cultural Club of your city. As the General Secretary of the Painting Club of your school, respond to the invitation.
RACER strategy helps in writing the perfect paragraph for your response. This strategy is used when a text is followed with an open ended question. Photo by Negative Space on Pexels.com This strategy helps you to write your response correctly using 5 steps- R – Reword the question A – Answer the question completely […]
English Literature and Grammar 